Siday Taayirku Ku Bilaabmeen

Haddii aad wici karto giraangiraha giraangiraha, ka dibna taariikhdoodu waxay dib u noqotaa ilaa Paleolithic Era (Age Stone), markii qof uu ogaaday in walxaha waaweyn ee culus ay sahlan tahay in la guuro haddii ay ku duubaan qoryaha.Shaagaggii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ahi wuxuu ahaa giraangiraha dheryasameeyaha, laga soo bilaabo qiyaastii 3500 BC, giraangiraha ugu horreeyay ee loo sameeyo gaadiidkana waxay u badan tahay inuu ahaa gaadhifaras Mesopotamian laga soo bilaabo 3200 BC.

Masriyiintii hore waxay qiyaaseen giraangiraha afkiisa ugu horreeya, Giriigguna waxay qaadeen tallaabo dheeraad ah iyagoo hindisay giraangiraha nooca H-ga ah oo leh isgoysyada.Celts waxay ku dartay birta hareeraha taayirrada agagaarka 1000 BC Wheels ayaa sii kordhayay oo isbeddelaya isticmaalka kala duwan ee tababarayaasha, gawaarida, iyo gawaarida, laakiin naqshadda guud ayaa si aad ah isku mid ah boqolaal sano.

Af-hayeennada siligga ayaa soo baxay 1802-dii, markii GB Bauer uu helay patent ku saabsan xiisadda siligga oo ku hadashay giraanta giraangiraha oo ku dheggan xuddunta.Kuwani waxay isu beddeleen noocyada af-hayeennada loo isticmaalo taayirrada baaskiilka.Taayirada pneumatic-ka caagga ah ayaa yimid qiyaastii 1845, oo uu ikhtiraacay RW Thompson.John Dunlop waxa uu kor u qaaday taayirrada isaga oo isticmaalaya nooc kale oo caag ah oo si fudud u fuulay baaskiillada.

Gawaarida Hore ee Baabuurka

Taariikhyahanada baabuurta intooda badan waxay isku raaceen in taayirrada baabuurta casriga ahi ay markii ugu horreysay soo shaac baxeen 1885-kii, markii Karl Benz uu taayirrada u abuuray Benz Patent-Motorwagen.Baabuurkaas saddexda lugood leh ayaa isticmaalay taayirrada siliga afka laga qaato iyo taayirada caagga adag ee u ekaa taayirada baaskiillada.Taayirada ayaa soo fiicnaaday sanadihii xigay, markii walaalaha Michelin ay bilaabeen isticmaalka caag baabuurta, ka dibna BF Goodrich wuxuu ku daray kaarboon si uu u kordhiyo nolosha taayirrada baabuurta.

Sannadkii 1924kii, wheelmakers waxay adeegsadeen birta duuban iyo shaambadaysan si ay u sameeyaan taayirrada saxanka birta ah.Taayirradani waxay ahaayeen kuwo cuslaa laakiin way sahlanayd in la soo saaro lana hagaajiyo.Markii Ford Model-T soo baxday, waxay isticmaashay taayirrada madaafiicda ah ee alwaax ah.Ford waxay u beddeshay kuwan taayirada birta ah ee welded ee 1926 iyo 1927 moodooyinka.Taayirada cad ee aan kaarboon la'aanta ah ee taayirradan waxay socdeen kaliya ilaa 2,000 mayl waxayna badanaa socdeen 30 ama 34 mayl ka hor intaysan u baahnayn dayactir.Taayiradan ayaa lahaa tubo, si fududna waa loo daloolin jiray oo mararka qaarkoodna waxay ka soo bixi jireen cidhifyada.

Horumarka taayirrada baabuurka ayaa sii socday 1934-kii, markii ay soo baxeen birta birta ah ee dhexda hoose, halkaas oo dhexda taayirku ay ka hoosaysay cidhifyada.Naqshaddan barta-hoosaadka ayaa fududaysay rakibidda taayirada.

Taayirrada aluminiumku way ka da'weyn yihiin sidaad u malaynayso-baabuurtii ciyaaraha ee hore waxay isticmaali jireen taayirrada aluminiumka.Nooca Bugatti 35 waxa uu dhashay taayirrada aluminium ee sannadkii 1924. Miisaankooda fudud ayaa ka dhigay taayirrada si degdeg ah, iyo awoodda aluminium ee ay ku kala firdhiso kulaylka loo sameeyay si fiican.Laga soo bilaabo 1955 ilaa 1958, Cadillac waxay bixisay giraangiraha birta-aluminiumka ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee leh muraayadaha aluminium-ka-qaabaysan ee finlike-ga ah oo lagu dhejiyay birta birta ah.Kuwani badanaa waxay ahaayeen chrome plated, laakiin 1956-kii Cadillac ayaa baxay oo dhan waxayna bixiyeen dahab-anodized dahab ah oo loogu talagalay Eldorado.

Horumarka taayirrada baabuurka ayaa la dardargeliyay 50-meeyadii iyo 60-meeyadii, iyadoo waxqabadka iyo baabuurta tartanka ay sii wadeen inay qaataan aluminium-magnesium alloys ee taayirrada.Alfa Romeo waxay soo saartay taayirrada aluminiumka ah ee GTA 1965-kii, Ford waxay soo bandhigtay Mustang GT350 iyada oo la dooranayo shan-hadal oo Shelby / Cragar ah oo ka samaysan aluminium aluminium ah oo leh gees chromed ah.Kuwan ayaa weli lagu alxan jiray birta birta ah, laakiin 1966-kii Ford waxa ay diyaarisay giraangiraha kabka-aluminiumka ah ee hal-xabo ah.

Taayirrada aluminium aluminium ee Magnesium (ama "mag" giraangiraha) ay samaysay Halibrand waxay noqdeen giraangiraha doorashada baabuurta tan iyo 50-meeyadii, muddo ka dib waxay noqdeen qeexitaanka baabuurta Shelby.

Sannadkii 1960-kii, Pontiac wuxuu raacay hoggaanka Panhard iyo Cadillac, isagoo isticmaalaya taayir leh xarun aluminium ah oo lagu dhejiyay bir bir ah oo leh lowska chrome-plated.Taayirradani waxa ay ahayd in ay isticmaalaan adabtarada soo saaraha ay keentay si ay ugu habboonaadaan mishiinnada dheellitirka taayirrada ee maalintaas.Taayirrada ayaa sidoo kale lahaa koofiyad dhexe oo weyn oo daboolay lugaha.Pontiac waxa uu sameeyay taayiradan bilicda san ilaa 1968;waxay ahaayeen kuwo qaali ah oo hadda naadir ah oo ay raadiyaan baabuurta ururisa.

Porsche waxay gashay dunnida aluminium-wheel sannadkii 1966-kii, markii ay sameeyeen halbeegga alooy-wheel ee 911S.Porsche waxay sii waday inay isticmaasho taayirrada alloy ee 911 sanado badan oo noocyo kala duwan ah waxayna sidoo kale u dirtay moodooyinka 912, 914, 916, iyo 944.Kuwa raaxada iyo waxqabadka baabuurta sameeyay ayaa sii waday inay qaataan taayirrada alloy-ga laga bilaabo 60-maadkii iyo wixii ka dambeeyay.

Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Citroën xitaa wuxuu la soo baxay birta resin wheel-ka.Citroën SM oo isticmaalaya wheels resin ayaa ku guuleystay Rally of Morocco 1971.

Ferrari wuxuu soo saaray wheel alloy-kii ugu horreeyay, nooca magnesium ee noocyada wadooyinka ee 275 GTB, 1964. Isla sanadkaas, Chevrolet wuxuu soo bandhigay moodal Corvette ah oo leh taayirrada qufulka ee Kelsey-Hayes aluminium ee la heli karo, kaas oo Chevy uu ku beddelay 1967 isagoo leh bool- noocyada.Laakin Corvette C3 isla sanadkaas, Chevrolet waxay joojisay taayirrada aluminium-ka-fudud leh oo aan soo saarin nooc la mid ah ilaa 1976.

Taagerayasha ayaa sii weynaatay 90-maadkii, iyadoo cabbirrada caadiga ahi ay kordheen iyagoo ka hooseeya 15 inch ilaa in ka badan 17 inji, xataa waxay gaadheen 22 inji 1998-kii. caan baxay 90-maadkii.

Naqshadaynta taayirrada mustaqbalka waxa ka mid ah "tuwel", taayir aan hawada lahayn, oo aan neef-mareenka ahayn oo leh af-hayeen, ku habboon hadda oo keliya baabuurta dhismaha ee tartiib-tartiib ah."Tweel", oo uu sameeyay Michelin, waxa uu leeyahay dhibaatooyin gariir oo daran in ka badan 50 mayl saacaddii, taas oo ka dhigaysa in aanay suurtogal ahayn in loo qaato isticmaalka waddooyinka ilaa ay hagaajintu xalinayso arrinta gariirka.

Waxa loogu yeero taayirrada “firfircoon”, oo ay sidoo kale soo saartay Michelin, waxay ku xireysaa dhammaan qeybaha muhiimka ah ee gaariga, xitaa matoorka, iyaga laftooda.Taayirrada firfircoon waxaa loogu talagalay baabuurta korontada ku shaqeysa oo keliya.

Khasaaradu waxay ahaan doontaa sannado ka hor intaadan isku arkin inaad fuulayso "tuwel" ama "taageerayaal firfircoon."Dhanka kale, birtaada ama taayirradaada daawaha ayaa kaa heli doona min dhibic A ilaa barta B si fiican.In kasta oo ay adag yihiin oo la isku halayn karo, naqshadaha taayirrada ee hadda jira waxay weli la kulmi karaan waxyeello ka timaadda jaranjarooyinka, godadka, waddooyinka qallafsan, iyo shilalka.Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad beddesho taayirradaada si aad u ilaaliso baabuurkaaga si badbaado leh oo leh maarayn wanaagsan iyo waxtarka shidaalka.TheRayone Wheelswaxay bixisaa giraangiraha waxqabadka sare ee samaynta iyo moodooyinka badan, kagiraangiraha Audigiraangiraha loogu talagalayBMWsiyoMaserati.Waxaan nahay warshadda taayirrada baabuurta ee Top10 ee Shiinaha, waxay leeyihiin xariiqda shubka, xariiqda qulqulka iyo khad been abuur ah oo leh taayiro tayo sare leh iyo adeeg gaar ah.